Titrations class XII



DATE:                                                                                                                                                  
                                                      EXPERIMENT NO.


AIM :  To prepare 250 ml of M/20 standard solution of Mohr’s salt
( Ferrous  ammonium sulphate) and determine the molarity & strength of given
KMnO4 solution by titrating it against the standard Mohr’s salt solution prepared.


APPARATUS REQUIRED :  Mohr’s salt crystals ,Standard measuring 
                                               flask,weighing bottle, funnel,burette,pipette, test 
                                              tube, conical  flask,weight box,beakers , Dil. H2SO4
                                             KMnOsolution.


THEORY :  The reaction between KMnO4 & Mohr’s salt is a Redox reaction
                      the   titration is called a Redox titration. KMnO4 acts as Oxidising 
                      agent & Mohr’s salt as reducing agent. KMnO4  acts as self 
                     Indicator because in acidic medium it changes from  MnO4- ( pink) 
                   to Mn2+ ( colourless) in dilute solution. ( Mn2+ ions are  also pink but 
                  appear colourless in dilute solution).


MOLECULAR EQUATION :
 2KMnO4  +  8 H2SO+ 10 FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O  -------------   K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5Fe2(SO4)3 +68H2O            
                                                                                                                     +10.(NH4)2SO4


  IONIC EQUATIONS: 
 MnO4- + 8H++ 5e-      -------------------        Mn2+ + 4H2O
       [ Fe2+                              -----------------------------           Fe3+  + e- ] X 5
MnO4- + 8H++ 5 Fe2+    ------------------  Mn2+ +  5Fe3+  + 4H2O


CALCULATIONS:
  (a).                                            no. of moles of the solute                Wsolute / msolute
                     Molarity    = -----------------------------------------   = ----------------------
    Volume of solution (in Litres )          250 / 1000 (L)
                                                   
  Wsolute / 392
                      1 / 20         = --------------------------  
                                                      250 / 1000 


                                              1 X 250 X 392
                     Wsolute    =     ----- -- ------------------      = 4.9 grams
                                              20 X 1000  
PROCEDURE : 
(a). 1. Weigh a clean ,dry weighing bottle.
       2. Add calculated weight to the pan containing the weights for the 
            weighing  bottle .
      3. Keep adding Mohr’s salt to the weighing bottle till the weight in the pan 
            is balanced with the weight of the weighing bottle + Mohr’s salt.
     4. Transfer Mohr’s salt to the standard measuring flask ,add 1 test tube 
         of  Dil. H2SO4 ( ~ 4N) & approximately 100 ml of water. Shake the flask 
         thoroughly to dissolve the solid. Add water to make the volume upto 250 
        ml.
    5. Wash the burette with water & rinse it with the given KMnO4 solution.
   6. Fill the burette with KMnO4 solution & clamp it. Note down the initial 
       reading of the burette ( Upper meniscus ).
   7. Wash the pipette with water & pipette out 10 ml Mohr’s salt standard 
       Solution in the conical flask.
  8. Add 1 test tube dilute H2SO4  to the conical flask.
 9. Run down the solution from the burette to the conical flask till the colour of  
      the  solution changes to light pink.
10. Note down the final reading of the burette. Find out the volume of KMnO4 
      used by subtracting initial reading  from the final reading of the burette.
11. Repeat the experiment to get the concordant readings.


OBSERVATION TABLE :
S. No.
Volume of Mohr’s salt solution (ml)
Initial reading of the burette
   (ml)
Final reading of the burette
     (ml)
Volume of KMnO4  used
       (ml)
1
          10
      0.0


2
          10



3
        10



4
        10





CONCORDANT READING   = -----------
CALCULATIONS (b) :
                 M KMnO4  X V KMnO4                     M Mohr’s salt   X V Mohr’s salt
             ---------------------------       = ---------------------------------
                            2                                                     10


                                                        M Mohr’s salt   X V Mohr’s salt X 2
                       M KMnO4      =   ---------------------------------------
                                                                           10 X  V KMnO4
       Strength of KMnO4  solution =  M KMnO4  X Molar mass of KMnO4  ( i.e.158g)
                                                          = _____ g/L


RESULT : (a) 250 ml of  M /20 Mohr’s salt standard solution is prepared & used 
                     to determine the molarity & strength of given KMnO4 solution 
                     titration.
                 (b) The Molarity & Strength of the given KMnO4 solution is  _______
                       &  _______   respectively.


PRECAUTIONS :

  • There should be no air bubbles in the burette.
  • Solution from the burette should be added in drops & should not run too fast.
  • Always read the upper meniscus in the case of coloured solution & lower in the case of colourless.
  • Titration flask should not be rinsed every time .



---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



DATE:                                                                                                                                                 

                                                      EXPERIMENT NO.

AIM :     (a) To prepare 250 ml of M/20 standard solution of  Oxalic Acid 
                   ( C2H2O4.2H2O )
               (b) To determine the molarity & strength of given KMnO4 solution by 
                  titrating it against the standard Oxalic acid solution prepared.

APPARATUS REQUIRED :  Oxalic acid , Standard measuring flask , weighing
                                                Bottle , funnel , burette , pipette , test tube, conical 
                                                Flask , weight box , beakers , Dil. H2SO4 & KMnO4   
                                                                        solution.

THEORY :  The reaction between KMnO4 &  Oxalic acid is a Redox reaction
                    the   titration is called a Redox titration.
                   KMnO4 acts as Oxidising agent & Oxalic acid  as reducing agent.
                   KMnO4  acts as self Indicator because in acidic medium it changes 
                   from   MnO4- ( pink) to Mn2+ ( colourless) in dilute solution. ( Mn2+ 
                            ions are also pink but appear colourless in dilute solution).


MOLECULAR EQUATION :
 2 KMnO4  +  3 H2SO+  5 C2H2O4    -------------   K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 10 CO2 + 8 H2O           
  IONIC EQUATIONS: 
[ MnO4- + 8H++ 5e-      -------------------        Mn2+ + 4H2O ] X 2
       [  C2O42-                 --------------------       2 CO+ 2e- ] X 5
2MnO4- + 16 H++ 5 C2O42-  ------------------  2 Mn2+ + 10 CO2  + 8 H2O


CALCULATIONS:
  (a).                                            no. of moles of the solute                Wsolute / msolute
                     Molarity    = -----------------------------------------   = ----------------------          
                                                   Volume of solution (in Litres )          250 / 1000 (L)

                                                     Wsolute / 126
                      1 / 20         = --------------------------  
                                                      250 / 1000 

                                              1 X 250 X 126
                     Wsolute    =     ----- -- ------------------      = 1.575 grams
                                              20 X 1000  
                                               
PROCEDURE : 
(a). 1. Weigh a clean ,dry weighing bottle.
       2. Add calculated weight to the pan containing the weights for the    
            weighing bottle .
      3. Keep adding Oxalic acid to the weighing bottle till the weight in the pan is 
           balanced with the weight of the weighing bottle + Oxalic acid.
     4. Transfer Oxalic acid  to the standard measuring flask  & approximately 
           100  ml of water. Shake the flask thoroughly to dissolve the solid. Add 
          water to  make the volume upto 250 ml.
    5. Wash the burette with water & rinse it with the given KMnO4 solution.
   6. Fill the burette with KMnO4 solution & clamp it. Note down the initial 
      reading of the burette ( Upper meniscus ).
   7. Wash the pipette with water & pipette out 10 ml standard Oxalic acid  
       solution in the conical flask.
 8.  Add 1 test tube dilute H2SO4  to the conical flask & heat the contents to
       60-70 0C.
9. Run down the solution from the burette to the conical flask till the colour of 
       the solution changes to light pink.
10. Note down the final reading of the burette. Find out the volume of KMnO4 
      used by subtracting initial reading  from the final reading of the burette.
11. Repeat the experiment to get the concordant readings.


OBSERVATION TABLE :
S. No.
Volume of solution Oxalic acid  (ml)
Initial reading of the burette
   (ml)
Final reading of the burette
     (ml)
Volume of KMnO4  used
       (ml)
1
          10
      0.0


2
          10



3
        10



4
        10




CONCORDANT READING   = -----------
CALCULATIONS (b) :
                 M KMnO4  X V KMnO4            M oxalic acid  X  V oxalic acid
             ---------------------------   = ---------------------------------
                            2                                           5

                                                        M oxalic acid  X  V oxalic acid  X 2
                       M KMnO4      =   ---------------------------------------
                                                                           5
       Strength of KMnO4  solution =  M KMnO4  X Molar mass of KMnO4  ( i.e.158g)
                                                          = _____ g/L


RESULT : (a) 250 ml of  M /20 Oxalic acid standard solution is prepared & used 
                      to determine the molarity & strength of given KMnO4 solution 
                    titration.
                 (b) The Molarity & Strength of the given KMnO4 solution is  _______
                       &  _______   respectively.

PRECAUTIONS :
  • There should be no air bubbles in the burette.
  • Solution from the burette should be added in drops & should not run too fast.
  • Always read the upper meniscus in the case of coloured solution & lower in the case of colourless.
  • Titration flask should not be rinsed every time .








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